Copyright 2020 by Gary L. Pullman
As Ann Anderson points out in Snake Oil, Hustlers and Hambones: The Anerican Medical Show, the entertainment that these carnival-style performances provided (between snake oil salesmen's product pitches) was “perfectly suited to isolated rural audiences” who enjoyed simple amusements (163). Performers included “blackface” comedians, musicians, mind readers, ventriloquists, magicians, and others (82).
Snake oil products are also known as “patent medicines.” The National Museum of American History explains why:
Patent
medicines are named after the “letters patent” granted by the
English crown. The first “letters
patent” given to an inventor of a secret remedy was issued
during the late 17th century. The patent granted the medicine maker a
monopoly over his particular formula. The term “patent medicine”
came to describe all pre-packaged medicines sold “over-the-counter”
without a doctor’s prescription. In the United States very few
preparations were ever actually patented.
Like most patent medicines, it's touted as effective in the treatment of a host of maladies: “Muscular Soreness, Bruises, Strains, Sprains, Simple Headache, Simple Neuralgias, Toothache, Simple Earaches, minor Irritations of the Throat, and where a counter-irritant would be used.”
A few drops taken “internally,” with water or milk, likewise remedies “Colic and Cramps due to Gas.” The product is also “Useful for Wire Cuts, Swellings, Etc., and on Animals” and works as effectively to alleviate “Colic in Horses” as it does to relieve the same malady in humans.
Wasa-Tusa cures so many conditions and diseases that it's hard to see why anyone would ever need to buy another medicine after purchasing The A. B. Seelye Company's nostrum. Considering all the ailments from which the product provides relief, if not, indeed, a cure, it is certainly worth its $1.25 retail price.
One of the most interesting facts about Alfred Barns Seelye (December 20, 1870 - February 14, 1948) is that he took the theatrics out of snake oil sales, treating the production, marketing, and distribution of his patent medicines as a business. In addition, as we shall see, he found innovative ways to entertain his customers and potential customers. If, after the passing of the medicine show, due to its ever-increasing extravagance and attendant expenses, Seelye would bring the show to the clientele--or a semblance of it, at least. As a result, he was immensely successful for years, his customer base and profits increasing dramatically.
Seelye studied both medicine at one college and literature at another, without graduating from either. In 1890, after moving from Illinois, where he'd grown up, to the famous cowtown, Abilene, Kansas, of which Wild Bill Hickock had once been marshal, Seelye set up a laboratory and began making Wasa-Tusa, Fro-Zona, and about a hundred other concoctions.
His success was tremendous, his company growing to the point that, at the pinnacle of his success, he employed over three hundred traveling salesmen, among other workers. He had to move his operations into a larger building, which also housed his Seelye Theater, which sat an audience of eight hundred.
He
married Jeanette Taylor in 1893, and the couple increased Abilene's
population by two, their daughters Mary Eleanor and Helen Ruth.
Founded
in 1890, in Abilene, Kansas, Seelye's company was incorporated
nine years later. By 1905, its snake oil sales had made Seelye a
wealthy man, indeed.
It's
not hard to understand why. The company offers something for
everyone—and for every ailment.
A
three-ounce jar of its Fro-Zona
Company ointment is a superb after-shave, its menthol, camphor, and
oils (peppermint, eucalyptus, and pine), and, of course, its
petroleum, constituting a “soothing preparation” for everyday
use. It cools “prickly heat, sunburn, insect stings, chafing, frost
bites [sic], head colds, chapped skin, nasal irritation, superficial
burns, and simple headaches.”
It
can be rubbed “between the eyes,” daubed up the nostrils, or
dabbed “behind the ears,” preferably before “retiring at
night.” Apparently, it also works on toys:
the front of the product's label shows a physician making a house
call to examine a little girl's doll, as he holds a jar of the
panacea.
The
fact that Fro-Zona is a patent
medicine is indicated on the bottle by a stamped notice of the
balm's registry with the U. S. Patent Office.
In
promoting his medicines, Seelye is sure to offer his customers more
than their money's worth. A 1903 promotional “almanac” is also a
“health guide,” and the combination almanac-health guide is also
a cook book—three useful publications in one. In short, the booklet
contains, “besides the weather forecasts, some excellent Cooking
Receipts [sic] . . . and general information, as well as a history of
the Seelye Medicines and their method of cure.”
In
addition, it's chock full of advertisements for his lotions, potions,
and nostrums. The fifty-two-page publication
promotes “Ner-Vena, Wasa-Tusa, Magic Cough and Consumption Cure,
Seelye's Wintergreen Ointment, Wintergreen Soap, A. B. Seelye's Happy
Life Pills, Seelye's Universal Stock and Poultry Powder, Horse
Liniment, Seelye's Hair Tonic and Restorative, and other remedies.”
The
brochure's “Introduction” boasts of the company's success.
Business was “excellent” in 1902, and sales in 1903 promise to be
no less flourishing, as the company marks its “13th year” of
continual growth,” satisfied customers singing the medicines'
praises
as products that not only “cure folks” but also “prolong life.”
The booklet is quite a bargain for free (although, should readers
care to do so, they're more than welcome to send in their
testimonials concerning the benefits of the company's cures).
The
brochure contains many delightful, if not always informative,
illustrations
as well. One, labeled “The Human Body,” shows the figure of a
man, lines connecting the animals of the zodiac to the various organs
of the human anatomy over which these signs are said to govern:
Gemini, the arms; Leo, the heart; Taurus, the neck; and so on.
The
booklet contains all manner of trivia
and esoteric information. In addition to the astrological
associations with human anatomy, a list of religious holidays and
their respective dates appears, beneath which the year's “Morning
and Evening Stars” are identified.
As
might be expected, advertisements and testimonials
make up a substantial part of the publication, appearing either as
full-page texts or as sidebars, complete with a photograph of the
gentleman or lady who offers an endorsement of a particular product.
Mrs.
Julia
Weathers, for example, of Sedgwick, Kansas, who once suffered, it
seems, from “weak nerves,” contends that “Dr. Seelye's Ner-Vena
is the greatest medicine” for treating this condition that she has
ever seen. “Dizzy spells” had afflicted her, causing her to “stay
in bed half a day at a time,” before “three bottles” of
Seelye's “remarkable remedy” remedied her condition, curing her.
And that's not all! She adds, Ner-Vena also benefited her heart in
some way. (She doesn't say how, exactly.) Whatever the wonderful
nostrum did to help her heart, though, prompted her to declare, in no
uncertain terms, “Ner-Vena was indeed a God send to me.”
These
features weren't live acts, of course. There were no magicians and
clowns, no ventriloquists or men on stilts, but there were
interesting articles, loads of trivia, intriguing illustrations,
esoteric lore, and, of course, apparently heartfelt thanks, product
recommendations, and personal testimonials from satisfied customers.
On the frontier, especially in rural areas far from the nearest town,
the arrival of Seelye's combination almanac-health guide-cook book
must have been welcome, indeed. Its pages provided escape from
boredom and drudgery while acquainting its readers with the wonderful
nostrums that could cure nearly any ailment known to medicine, and,
best of all, it was delivered free to one's doorstep, upon request.
A
help wanted advertisement in the May 15, 1902 issue of the Abilene
Weekly Reflector
also suggests that the company was doing well. Despite having forty
employees, the company was seeking ten to twelve more salesmen and
had hired the Abilene Carriage Company to build “ten new wagons”
to carry products directly to the customers who ordered them.
Despite
the announcement's headline, “Good Chance for Hustlers,” it seems
that the newspaper found the company to be a good place to work:
“Dickinson county young men need not hesitate to engage with the A.
B. Seelye Medicine company as they are reliable and do well by their
salesmen.”
Yes,
whatever the effectiveness of its many “medicines,” The A. B.
Seelye Company was good to its founder. With the fortune he earned,
he built the fabulous 11,000-square-foot, twenty-five-room Seelye
Mansion in Abilene, Kansas.
A
beautiful home in the Georgian style, this magnificent mansion, built
in 1905 for $55,000, boasts Edison light fixtures, a Tiffany
fireplace, eleven bedrooms, a ballroom, a music room featuring “gold
French furniture and a grand Steinway piano,” and a bowling alley.
The house was also home, at one time, to Seelye's laboratory (where,
it seems likely, plenty more nostrums were concocted),Seelye was even
more extravagant in purchasing the mansion's elegant furniture. He
bought most of it at the 1904
St. Louis World's Fair, paying more for it than he paid to build
the house!
The
bowling
alley, which “was ordered at the Chicago World's Fair,” was
constructed by the American Box Ball Company, Indianapolis, Indiana.
It not only automatically returns the ball, but features an unusual
feature: the pull of a lever resets the “drop-style pins.”
As
a youngster, Dwight
D. Eisenhower delivered ice to the mansion; later, of course, the
boy would become Supreme Commander of the Allied forces during World
War II and the president of the United States, but, for the Seelye
daughters, Helen and Marion, who lived in the house following their
father's demise, Ike would remain “a man from the wrong side of the
tracks.”
Dwight
D. Eisenhower and Frank Lloyd Wright
Another
famous person associated with the Seelye Mansion is architect Frank
Lloyd Wright, who “suggested renovated the interior” of the
home in the 1920s.
Seelye's
Wasa-Tusa, his Fro-Zona Company ointment, his Magic Cough and
Consumption Cure, his Wintergreen Ointment, his Wintergreen Soap, his
Happy Life Pills, his Universal Stock and Poultry Powder, his Horse
Liniment, his Hair Tonic and Restorative, and all his other
preposterous products—and his innovative and tireless efforts in
promoting them—made the purveyor of dubious notions, lotions, and
potions a remarkably wealthy man who lived out his life in luxury,
perhaps tinkering with formulae and concocting new “medicines”
right up to the end of his days.
